Ayyukan Jiki na Platelet

Platelets (thrombocytes) ƙananan ƙwayoyin cytoplasm ne da aka saki daga cytoplasm na Megakaryocyte balagagge a cikin bargo.Duk da cewa Megakaryocyte sune mafi ƙarancin adadin ƙwayoyin hematopoietic a cikin marrow na kashi, wanda ke lissafin kashi 0.05 kawai na adadin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kuma ko da yake 0.05% kawai, platelets da suke samar da su suna da mahimmanci ga aikin hemostatic na jiki.Kowane megakaryocyte na iya samar da platelet 200-700.

Yawan platelet na manya na al'ada shine (150-350) × 109/L.Platelets suna da aikin kiyaye mutuncin bangon jijiyoyin jini.Lokacin da adadin platelet ya ragu zuwa 50 × Lokacin da hawan jini ya kasa 109/L, ƙananan rauni ko hawan jini kawai zai iya haifar da tabo na jini akan fata da submucosa, har ma da manyan purpura.Wannan shi ne saboda platelets na iya zama a kan bangon jijiyoyin jini a kowane lokaci don cike gibin da aka bari ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasa tantanin halitta, kuma za su iya shiga cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na jijiyoyi, wanda zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye mutuncin sel na endothelial ko gyara sel na endothelial.Lokacin da ƴan platelets suka yi yawa, waɗannan ayyukan suna da wahalar kammalawa kuma ana samun yanayin zubar jini.Platelets a cikin jinin da ke kewayawa gabaɗaya suna cikin yanayin “tsaye”.Amma lokacin da tasoshin jini suka lalace, ana kunna platelet ta hanyar tuntuɓar ƙasa da aikin wasu abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.Kunna platelets na iya sakin jerin abubuwan da suka wajaba don tsarin hemostatic da motsa jiki ayyuka kamar mannewa, tarawa, saki, da adsorption.

Platelet da ke samar da Megakaryocyte kuma ana samun su ne daga ƙwayoyin sel na hematopoietic a cikin bargo.Kwayoyin sassan hematopoietic sun fara bambanta zuwa sel masu haɓaka megakaryocyte, wanda kuma aka sani da colony forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU Meg).Kwayoyin chromosomes a cikin tsakiya na matakin progenitor cell gabaɗaya 2-3 ploidy ne.Lokacin da sel masu haɓaka suna diploid ko tetraploid, sel suna da ikon haɓakawa, don haka wannan shine matakin lokacin da layin Megakaryocyte ke haɓaka adadin ƙwayoyin.Lokacin da megakaryocyte progenitor sel ya kara bambanta zuwa 8-32 ploidy Megakaryocyte, cytoplasm ya fara bambanta kuma tsarin Endomembrane ya ƙare a hankali.A ƙarshe, wani abu na membrane yana raba cytoplasm na Megakaryocyte zuwa ƙananan ƙananan yankuna.Lokacin da kowane tantanin halitta ya rabu gaba ɗaya, ya zama platelet.Daya bayan daya, platelets suna fadowa daga Megakaryocyte ta hanyar rata tsakanin sel endothelial na bangon sinus na jijiyar kuma suna shiga cikin jini.

Samun gaba daya daban-daban immunological Properties.TPO shine glycoprotein glycoprotein da kodan ke samarwa, tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta kusan 80000-90000.Lokacin da platelets a cikin jini ya ragu, ƙaddamar da TPO a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa.Ayyukan wannan ma'auni na ka'ida sun haɗa da: ① haɓaka haɗin DNA a cikin kwayoyin halitta da kuma ƙara yawan adadin polyploids;② Ƙarfafa Megakaryocyte don haɗa furotin;③ Ƙara yawan adadin Megakaryocyte, yana haifar da ƙara yawan samar da platelet.A halin yanzu, an yi imanin cewa yaduwa da bambance-bambancen Megakaryocyte an tsara su ne ta hanyar ka'idoji guda biyu a kan matakai biyu na bambance-bambance.Waɗannan masu sarrafa guda biyu sune megakaryocyte Colony-stimulating factor (Meg CSF) da Thrombopoietin (TPO).Meg CSF wani abu ne na ka'ida wanda galibi yana aiki akan matakin sel masu haihuwa, kuma aikin sa shine daidaita yaduwar kwayoyin halittar megakaryocyte.Lokacin da jimlar adadin Megakaryocyte a cikin kasusuwa ya ragu, samar da wannan tsari na ka'ida yana ƙaruwa.

Bayan platelets sun shiga cikin jini, suna da ayyukan ilimin lissafi kawai na kwanaki biyu na farko, amma matsakaicin tsawon rayuwarsu zai iya zama kwanaki 7-14.A cikin ayyukan hemostatic physiological, platelets da kansu za su tarwatse kuma su saki duk abubuwa masu aiki bayan tarawa;Hakanan yana iya haɗawa cikin sel endothelial na jijiyoyin jini.Baya ga tsufa da lalacewa, ana iya cinye platelets a lokacin ayyukansu na ilimin halittar jiki.platelets masu tsufa sun mamaye cikin maɗaura, hanta, da kyallen huhu.

1. Ultrastructure na platelet

A ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada, platelets suna bayyana azaman faifai masu ɗanɗano kaɗan a ɓangarorin biyu, tare da matsakaicin diamita na 2-3 μm.Matsakaicin girma shine 8 μM3.Platelets kwayoyin halitta ne da ba su da takamaiman tsari a ƙarƙashin na'urar gani da ido, amma ana iya lura da ƙayyadaddun ultrastructure a ƙarƙashin na'urar microscope.A halin yanzu, tsarin platelets gabaɗaya ya kasu kashi kewaye, yankin sol gel, yankin Organelle da yankin tsarin membrane na musamman.

Filayen platelet na yau da kullun yana da santsi, tare da ƙananan sifofi da ake iya gani, kuma buɗaɗɗen tsarin canalicular (OCS).Wurin da ke kewaye da farfajiyar platelet ya ƙunshi sassa uku: Layer na waje, membrane naúrar, da kuma yankin submembrane.Tufafin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan glycoproteins (GP), kamar GP Ia, GP Ib, GP IIa, GP IIb, GP IIIa, GP IV, GP V, GP IX, da dai sauransu. Yana samar da nau'ikan masu karɓar mannewa iri-iri kuma yana iya haɗawa. zuwa TSP, thrombin, collagen, fibrinogen, da sauransu. Yana da mahimmanci ga platelet don shiga cikin coagulation da tsarin rigakafi.Membran naúrar, wanda kuma aka sani da membrane na plasma, yana ƙunshe da ɓangarorin furotin da aka saka a cikin bilayer na lipid.Lamba da rarraba waɗannan barbashi suna da alaƙa da mannewar platelet da aikin coagulation.Membran ya ƙunshi Na +- K+- ATPase, wanda ke kula da bambancin maida hankali na ion ciki da wajen membrane.Yankin submembrane yana tsakanin ƙananan ɓangaren membrane naúrar da gefen waje na microtubule.Yankin submembrane yana ƙunshe da filaments na submembrane da Actin, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da mannewar platelet da tarawa.

Microtubules, microfilaments da filaments na submembrane suma suna wanzu a yankin sol gel na platelets.Wadannan abubuwa sun ƙunshi tsarin kwarangwal da ƙanƙancewa na platelet, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen nakasar platelet, sakin barbashi, miƙewa, da ƙumburi.Microtubules sun ƙunshi Tubulin, lissafin kashi 3% na jimlar furotin platelet.Babban aikin su shine kula da siffar platelet.Microfilaments galibi sun ƙunshi Actin, wanda shine mafi yawan furotin a cikin platelet kuma yana ɗaukar 15% ~ 20% na jimlar furotin.Filayen submembrane galibi abubuwan fiber ne, waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa furotin mai ɗaure Actin da Actin crosslink cikin daure tare.A kan yanayin kasancewar Ca2 +, actin yana aiki tare da prothrombin, contractin, furotin mai ɗaure, co actin, myosin, da dai sauransu don kammala canji na platelet, samuwar pseudopodium, ƙwayar sel da sauran ayyuka.

Tebur 1 Babban Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins

Yankin Organelle shine wurin da akwai nau'ikan Organelle da yawa a cikin platelet, wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin platelet.Har ila yau, wurin bincike ne a fannin likitancin zamani.Mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da ke cikin yankin Organelle sune nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, irin su α Particles, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (δ Particles) da Lysosome (λ Particles, da dai sauransu, duba Table 1 don cikakkun bayanai.α Granules sune wuraren ajiya a cikin platelet waɗanda zasu iya ɓoye sunadaran.Akwai fiye da goma a cikin kowane ɓangarorin platelet α.Tebu na 1 ya lissafo mahimman abubuwan da aka haɗa kawai, kuma bisa ga binciken marubucin, an gano cewa α Akwai sama da matakan 230 na abubuwan da aka samu na platelet (PDF) da ke cikin granules.Matsakaicin ƙaranci mai yawa α Barbashi sun ɗan ƙanƙanta, tare da diamita na 250-300nm, kuma akwai ɓangarorin 4-8 masu yawa a cikin kowane platelet.A halin yanzu, an gano cewa 65% na ADP da ATP ana adana su a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin platelet, kuma 90% na 5-HT a cikin jini kuma ana adana su a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Sabili da haka, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da mahimmanci don tarawar platelet.Hakanan ana amfani da ikon sakin ADP da 5-HT a asibiti don kimanta aikin ɓoyewar platelet.Bugu da kari, wannan yanki yana dauke da mitochondria da Lysosome, wanda kuma shine wurin bincike a gida da waje a wannan shekara.An ba da lambar yabo ta Nobel ta 2013 a fannin ilimin halittar jiki da likitanci ga masana kimiyya uku, James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, da Thomas C. S ü dhof, don gano abubuwan sirrin hanyoyin sufuri na ciki.Har ila yau, akwai filayen da ba a san su ba a cikin metabolism na abubuwa da makamashi a cikin platelet ta cikin jikin ciki da Lysosome.

Yankin tsarin membrane na musamman ya haɗa da OCS da tsarin tubular mai yawa (DTS).OCS tsarin bututun mai raɗaɗi ne da aka samar ta saman platelet ɗin da ke nutsewa cikin cikin platelet ɗin, yana ƙaruwa sosai a saman saman platelet yayin hulɗa da plasma.A lokaci guda kuma, tashar extracellular ce don abubuwa daban-daban don shiga cikin platelet kuma su saki abubuwan da ke cikin platelet daban-daban.Ba a haɗa bututun DTS zuwa duniyar waje kuma wuri ne don haɗa abubuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin jini.

2. Aikin Jiki na Platelets

Babban aikin physiological na platelet shine shiga cikin hemostasis da thrombosis.Ayyukan aikin platelet a lokacin hemostasis na physiological za a iya raba kusan zuwa matakai biyu: hemostasis na farko da na biyu.Platelets suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a matakai biyu na hemostasis, amma takamaiman hanyoyin da suke aiki da su har yanzu sun bambanta.

1) Farkon aikin hemostatic na platelet

thrombus da aka kafa a lokacin farkon hemostasis shi ne yafi fari thrombus, da kuma kunnawa halayen kamar platelet adhesion, nakasawa, saki, da aggregation ne muhimman hanyoyin a cikin farko hemostasis tsari.

I. Ragewar mannewar platelet

Mannewa tsakanin platelets da wuraren da ba platelet ana kiransa adhesion platelet, wanda shine mataki na farko na shiga cikin halayen hemostatic na al'ada bayan lalacewar jijiyoyin jini da kuma muhimmin mataki a cikin thrombosis na pathological.Bayan rauni na jijiyoyin jini, platelets da ke gudana ta cikin wannan jirgin ruwa suna kunna ta saman nama a ƙarƙashin endothelium na jijiyoyin jini kuma nan da nan suna manne da filaye na collagen da aka fallasa a wurin rauni.A cikin mintuna 10, platelet ɗin da aka ajiye a cikin gida sun kai matsakaicin ƙimar su, suna yin farin jini.

Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin mannewar platelet sun haɗa da membrane glycoprotein Ⅰ (GP Ⅰ), von Willebrand factor (vW factor) da collagen a cikin nama na subendothelial.Babban nau'ikan collagen da ke kan bangon jijiyoyin jini sune nau'ikan I, III, IV, V, VI, da VII, daga cikinsu nau'ikan I, III, da IV collagen sune mafi mahimmanci ga tsarin mannewar platelet a ƙarƙashin yanayin gudana.Ma'anar vW wata gada ce da ke gadar mannewar platelet zuwa nau'in I, III, da IV collagen, kuma takamaiman mai karɓar GP Ib na glycoprotein akan membrane na platelet shine babban wurin daurin platelet collagen.Bugu da kari, glycoproteins GP IIb/IIIa, GP Ia/IIa, GP IV, CD36, da CD31 akan membrane na platelet suma suna shiga cikin mannewa ga collagen.

II.Halin tarawar platelet

Al'amarin na platelets manne da juna shi ake kira aggregation.Halin haɗuwa yana faruwa tare da halayen adhesion.A gaban Ca2+, platelet membrane glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa da fibrinogen aggregate tarwatsa platelets tare.Ana iya haifar da tarawar platelet ta hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu, ɗaya shine nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban, ɗayan kuma yana haifar da damuwa mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin yanayin gudana.A farkon haɗuwa, platelets suna canzawa daga siffar faifai zuwa siffar mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar .A lokaci guda, lalatawar platelet yana nufin sakin abubuwa masu aiki kamar ADP da 5-HT waɗanda aka fara adana su a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Sakin ADP, 5-HT da kuma samar da wasu Prostaglandin suna da matukar muhimmanci ga tarawa.

ADP shine mafi mahimmancin abu don tarawar platelet, musamman ADP na endogenous wanda aka saki daga platelet.Ƙara ƙaramin adadin ADP (maida hankali a 0.9) zuwa dakatarwar platelet μ A ƙasa mol / L), zai iya haifar da haɗuwa da platelet da sauri, amma da sauri depolymerize;Idan an ƙara matsakaicin matsakaici na ADP (1.0) μ A kusa da mol/L, wani lokaci na biyu wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba yana faruwa jim kadan bayan ƙarshen lokacin haɗuwa na farko da lokacin ƙaddamarwa, wanda ke haifar da ADP na endogenous wanda aka saki ta platelets;Idan an ƙara yawan adadin ADP, da sauri yana haifar da tarawa wanda ba za a iya canzawa ba, wanda kai tsaye ya shiga kashi na biyu na haɗuwa.Ƙara nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na thrombin zuwa dakatarwar platelet kuma zai iya haifar da tarawar platelet;Kuma mai kama da ADP, yayin da adadin kuzarin ya karu a hankali, ana iya lura da haɗuwa mai jujjuyawa daga kashi na farko kawai zuwa bayyanar ƙungiyoyi biyu na haɗuwa, sannan kai tsaye shiga kashi na biyu na haɗuwa.Saboda toshewar sakin ADP na endogenous tare da adenosine na iya hana haɓakar platelet da thrombin ke haifar da shi, yana nuna cewa tasirin thrombin na iya haifar da ɗaurin thrombin zuwa masu karɓar thrombin akan membrane cell platelet, wanda ke haifar da sakin ADP na endogenous.Bugu da ƙari na collagen kuma na iya haifar da tarawar platelet a cikin dakatarwa, amma kawai tarawar da ba za a iya jurewa ba a cikin kashi na biyu ana yarda da shi ta haifar da sakin ADP na collagen.Abubuwan da za su iya haifar da tarawar platelet gaba ɗaya na iya rage cAMP a cikin platelet, yayin da waɗanda ke hana haɗuwar platelet suna ƙaruwa CAMP.Saboda haka, a halin yanzu an yi imani da cewa raguwa a cikin cAMP na iya haifar da karuwa a cikin Ca2 + a cikin platelets, yana inganta sakin ADP na endogenous.ADP yana haifar da tarin platelet, wanda ke buƙatar kasancewar Ca2 + da fibrinogen, da kuma amfani da makamashi.

Matsayin platelet Prostaglandin phospholipid na platelet plasma membrane ya ƙunshi Arachidonic acid, kuma tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi Phosphatidic acid A2.Lokacin da aka kunna platelets a saman, ana kunna Phospholipase A2.A karkashin catalysis na Phospholipase A2, Arachidonic acid ya rabu da phospholipids a cikin membrane na plasma.Arachidonic acid zai iya samar da adadi mai yawa na TXA2 a ƙarƙashin catalysis na platelet cyclooxygenase da Thromboxane synthase.TXA2 yana rage cAMP a cikin platelet, yana haifar da haɓakar platelet mai ƙarfi da tasirin vasoconstriction.Hakanan TXA2 ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, don haka yana canzawa da sauri zuwa TXB2 mara aiki.Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin endothelial na jijiyoyi na al'ada sun ƙunshi prostacyclin synthase, wanda zai iya haifar da samar da prostacyclin (PGI2) daga platelets.PGI2 na iya ƙara cAMP a cikin platelets, don haka yana da tasiri mai tasiri mai tasiri akan tarawar platelet da Vasoconstriction.

Adrenaline za a iya wuce ta α 2. Matsakaicin mai karɓa na Adrenergic zai iya haifar da haɗuwar platelet biphasic, tare da ƙaddamar da (0.1 ~ 10) μ Mol / L.Thrombin a ƙananan ma'auni (<0.1 μ A mol/L, PAR1 na farko yana haifar da tarawar platelet; A babban taro (0.1-0.3) μ A mol/L, PAR1 da PAR4 na iya haifar da tarawar kashi na biyu. Ƙarfafan abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙwayar platelet kuma sun haɗa da platelet activating factor (PAF), collagen, vW factor, 5-HT, da dai sauransu. atherosclerosis.

III.Halin sakin platelet

Lokacin da platelets suka fuskanci motsa jiki na physiological, ana adana su a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta α Abubuwan da ke faruwa na abubuwa da yawa a cikin barbashi da lysosomes da ake fitar da su daga sel ana kiran su amsawar saki.Ayyukan mafi yawan platelets ana samun su ta hanyar ilimin halitta na abubuwan da aka kafa ko aka saki yayin amsawar sakin.Kusan duk inducers da ke haifar da tarawar platelet na iya haifar da amsawar sakin.Halin sakin gabaɗaya yana faruwa ne bayan haɗuwar kashi na farko na platelet, kuma abun da aka fitar ta hanyar fitowar ya haifar da haɗuwar kashi na biyu.Za a iya raba inducers da ke haifar da halayen sakin jiki da yawa zuwa:

i.Raunan inducer: ADP, adrenaline, Norepinephrine, vasopressin, 5-HT.

ii.Matsakaicin inducers: TXA2, PAF.

iii.Inducers mai ƙarfi: thrombin, enzyme pancreatic, collagen.

2) Matsayin platelets a cikin coagulation jini

Platelets galibi suna shiga cikin halayen coagulation daban-daban ta hanyar phospholipids da membrane glycoproteins, gami da adsorption da kunna abubuwan coagulation (alamomi IX, XI, da XII), samuwar coagulation inganta hadaddun a saman phospholipid membranes, da haɓaka haɓakar prothrombin.

Kwakwalwar plasma da ke saman platelet ɗin yana ɗaure da abubuwa daban-daban na coagulation, kamar fibrinogen, factor V, factor XI, factor XIII, da dai sauransu. kuma PF3 duka suna haɓaka coagulation na jini.PF4 na iya kawar da heparin, yayin da PF6 ya hana fibrinolysis.Lokacin da aka kunna platelets a saman, za su iya hanzarta aiwatar da aikin kunnawa na abubuwan coagulation XII da XI.An kiyasta saman phospholipid (PF3) wanda platelet ke bayarwa don haɓaka aikin prothrombin da sau 20000.Bayan haɗa abubuwan Xa da V zuwa saman wannan phospholipid, ana iya kiyaye su daga tasirin hanawa na antithrombin III da heparin.

Lokacin da platelets suka haɗu don samar da thrombus na hemostatic, tsarin coagulation ya riga ya faru a cikin gida, kuma platelets sun fallasa adadi mai yawa na phospholipid saman, suna ba da yanayi mai kyau don kunna factor X da prothrombin.Lokacin da platelets suka motsa ta hanyar collagen, thrombin ko kaolin, Sphingomyelin da Phosphatidylcholine a waje na membrane na platelet suna juye tare da phosphatidyl Ethanolamine da phosphatidylserine a ciki, wanda ya haifar da karuwar phosphatidyl Ethanolamine da phosphatidylserine a saman.Ƙungiyoyin phosphatidyl na sama sun jujjuya kan saman platelet suna shiga cikin samuwar vesicles akan saman membrane yayin kunna platelet.Vesicles sun rabu kuma suna shiga cikin jini don samar da microcapsules.Vesicles da microcapsules suna da wadata a cikin phosphatidylserine, wanda ke taimakawa a cikin taro da kunna prothrombin kuma yana shiga cikin tsarin inganta coagulation na jini.

Bayan tarawar platelet, α Sakin abubuwan da ke haifar da platelet iri-iri a cikin barbashi yana haɓaka samuwar zaruruwan jini da ƙaruwa, kuma yana kama wasu ƙwayoyin jini don su zama guda ɗaya.Saboda haka, kodayake platelets a hankali suna watsewa, hemostatic emboli na iya ƙaruwa.Platelets da aka bari a cikin gudan jini suna da pseudopodia waɗanda ke shiga cikin hanyar sadarwar fiber na jini.Sunadaran sunadarin aiki a cikin waɗannan platelets suna yin kwangila, suna haifar da gudanwar jini don ja da baya, suna matse ruwan magani kuma su zama ƙwaƙƙwaran toshe hemostatic, da tabbatar da rufe tazarar jijiyoyin jini.

Lokacin kunna platelets da tsarin coagulation a saman, yana kuma kunna tsarin fibrinolytic.Plasmin da mai kunnawa da ke cikin platelets za a saki.Sakin serotonin daga zaruruwan jini da platelets kuma na iya haifar da ƙwayoyin endothelial don sakin masu kunnawa.Duk da haka, saboda rushewar platelet da sakin PF6 da sauran abubuwan da ke hana proteases, aikin fibrinolytic ba ya shafar su yayin samuwar jini.

(Ana sake buga abubuwan da ke cikin wannan labarin, kuma ba mu bayar da garantin bayyananne ko bayyananniyar garanti don daidaito, amintacce ko cikar abubuwan da ke cikin wannan labarin ba, kuma ba mu da alhakin ra'ayoyin wannan labarin, da fatan za a fahimta.)